What is TBI?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an insult to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability and/or psychosocial impairment, either temporarily or permanently. TBI is usually caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head. TBIs range from mild, causing temporary disruption of neural functions, to severe, resulting in extended periods of unconsciousness, severe amnesia, coma, and even death.

The Signs and Symptoms of TBI

The signs and symptoms of TBI can range from mild to severe depending on the type and amount of damage sustained. Common signs and symptoms range from mild to severe and can include physical, psychological and behavioral changes. Common physical signs and symptoms may include headache, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), nausea, and sleep disturbances. Psychological and behavioral disturbances may include memory loss, personality changes, mood swings, depression, anxiety and difficulty with concentration, attention and problem-solving.

Treatments and Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is a key part of the recovery process after a traumatic brain injury. It focuses on helping the person to improve their cognitive, physical, occupational, and behavioral functioning. Treatment typically begins in the acute period after the brain injury and can continue for many years in the post-acute and post-injury phases. Treatment may include physical therapy to regain strength, mobility, and coordination; occupational therapy to help with activities of daily living; speech-language therapy to aid in communication; and cognitive therapy, such as neuropsychological rehabilitation and strategies to help with memory, attention, and cognitive functioning. Proper nutrition, sleep, and exercise also play an essential role in recovery, as does emotional support.

With appropriate and timely medical and rehabilitative care, many individuals with TBI and their families experience a successful recovery. TBIs are unique and progress to recovery can vary and the extent of recovery from a TBI is different for each person and the specific challenges faced by individuals and families during the recovery and rehabilitation process can be overwhelming. It is important to obtain the necessary support and services available to ensure the best possible outcome.