What is Weathering?

Weathering is the process by which physical and chemical changes occur to rocks and soil due to the effects of climate, water, wind, and other natural forces. It occurs in natural environments, and is one of the processes that contributes to soil formation and the formation of new landforms. Weathering is a continuous process and affects all matter, including minerals, soil, rocks and other objects made of organic material.

The Different Types of Weathering

There are two main types of weathering, physical and chemical. Physical weathering occurs when rocks and other objects are broken down by physical forces such as temperature changes, freezing and thawing, rain, wind and other natural processes. For example, freeze-thaw weathering occurs when moisture seeps into cracks in rocks, then freezes and expands, causing the rocks to break apart. Chemical weathering occurs when minerals in rocks and objects break down when exposed to air, oxygen, acids, weak bases, and other chemicals that cause chemical reactions. Examples of chemical weathering include acid rain, oxidation (rust), hydrolysis and leaching.

Weathering in the Natural System

Weathering is an important part of the natural system and is responsible for both physical and chemical changes to the environment. As rocks and objects weather, new materials are created and old ones are broken down into smaller pieces that can be transported by water, air and wind. This process contributes to the formation of soil, which is made up of eroded rocks, minerals and organic matter. Weathering also plays a role in the formation of landforms, such as mountains and valleys, which are shaped by the forces of weathering over time.

Weathering can occur on any scale, from small rocks exposed to air and water over time to mountain ranges eroded by glaciers over millions of years. The process is essential to the survival of biological systems and is a key component of the global climate system. Weathering is a natural process, however humans can have a significant impact on the rate of weathering by changing the environment, increasing temperatures, and polluting the air and water.