Introduction To Nucleotides

Nucleotides are the building blocks of our genetic code in all living organisms. They are the monomers or subunits of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Nucleotides consist of three parts: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Function Of Nucleotides

The main function of nucleotides is to pair with each other and bond through hydrogen bonds in order to form the double-stranded helix of DNA or the single-stranded helix of RNA. In addition, nucleotides act as energy carriers in the form of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate), which is a key molecule for cells for transporting energy to do important functions.

Components Of Nucleotides

The three components of a nucleotide are the phosphate group, the five-carbon sugar, and the nitrogenous base. The phosphate group is made up of one negative phosphate ion, which is attached to the five-carbon sugar. This five-carbon sugar is always ribose or deoxyribose, depending on the type of nucleic acid. Finally, there is a nitrogenous base, also called a purine or a pyrimidine. The purines are either adenine or guanine, while the pyrimidines are either cytosine, thymine, or uracil.

Conclusion

Nucleotides form the backbone of nucleic acid molecules, including the essential macromolecules of life, DNA and RNA. DNA contains the hereditary information of an organism, while RNA is an intermediary molecule in gene expression and protein synthesis. Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base, which work together to form the double and single stranded helixes of DNA and RNA molecules.