What Is an Anal Fissure?
An anal fissure is a common and often painful condition that affects the anus, the opening at the end of the intestines. The most common cause of an anal fissure is passing a large, hard stool, though it may also occur due to diarrhea, childbirth, or other trauma. It occurs when a tear forms in the skin around the anus, resulting in an open sore.
Anal fissures may cause a burning or knife-like pain during or after a bowel movement. In addition, you may also experience rectal bleeding, itching, or a lump near the opening of your anus. Most anal fissures heal on their own within a few weeks, but some may require medical attention.
Treating an Anal Fissure
If your anal fissure does not heal on its own, your doctor may recommend one or more treatments to help relieve the pain or speed-up healing. These can include:
• Medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or diclofenac can help reduce pain and inflammation. Your doctor may also prescribe an ointment containing nitroglycerin or diltiazem to relax the anal sphincter muscles and reduce pain.
• Sitz bath. This type of warm-water bath may help soothe the area and promote healing.
• Lifestyle changes. Your doctor may suggest avoiding constipating foods, eating more fiber, and drinking more fluids to help soft stool pass more easily.
• Surgery. In some cases, a minor procedure to cut a portion of the internal anal sphincter muscle (fissurectomy) may be necessary to promote healing.
Preventing Anal Fissures
You can take steps to reduce your risk of developing an anal fissure in the first place. These include:
• Eating a high-fiber diet to help you avoid constipation and reduce your chances of passing a large, hard stool.
• Doing regular exercise to help keep your digestive system active and regular.
• Drinking plenty of fluids to help keep your stool soft.
• Using a stool softener or laxative as needed if you are prone to constipation.
• Avoiding excessive straining during bowel movements.