What Are Fibroids?

Fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during a woman’s childbearing years. They can range in size from tiny seeds to larger masses filling the abdomen. While some fibroids cause symptoms, others do not, and their effect on fertility is unclear. In most cases, fibroids do not require treatment and can be safely managed with close monitoring and following a healthy lifestyle.

What Causes Fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids is unknown. Experts believe that a combination of genetics and hormones, particularly the hormones estrogen and progesterone, play a role in their formation. Fibroid growth is usually associated with high levels of these hormones during a woman’s reproductive years. However, other factors, such as certain environmental exposures, may also contribute to their development.

How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?

Fibroids can be diagnosed using a variety of methods, including physical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound and MRI, and sometimes, surgery. Physical examination can be used to determine if there is an unusual mass in the abdomen or pelvis. Ultrasound is the most common imaging test to diagnose fibroids, as it can provide detailed images of the uterus and any growths in it. MRI and CT scans may be used to provide even greater detail, and they may be used to plan and monitor treatment. Surgery, such as laparoscopy, may be necessary to make a diagnosis in some cases.