What is PANS?

PANS (Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) is a rare and complex disorder in which a child or adolescent experiences an abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or severely restricted eating, as well as a range of other psychiatric, motor, sensory, and/or cognitive symptoms. This condition can appear suddenly, most often presenting within 1-3 weeks after triggers such as infection, immunization or environmental changes. Symptoms of PANS can significantly interfere with the individual’s day-to-day functioning and commonly include significant regression or overall decline in functioning.

PANS has been diagnosed in children as young as 18-24 months. While symptoms can vary, the most common include OCD, sudden food refusal, tics, severe anxiety, disruptive behavior, regression in language or motor skills, difficulty sleeping, irritability, urinary frequency or bedwetting, sensory abnormalities and changes in coordination.

Diagnosing PANS

In diagnosing PANS, healthcare providers should focus both on symptom severity and number of symptoms in order to differentiate the condition from more common psychiatric diagnoses. A diagnosis is usually made once the patient has experienced at least two symptoms in the categories of OCD, eating, and/or Anxiety as well as at least two additional psychiatric, motor, sensory, and/or cognitive symptoms for six weeks following an infection or immunization trigger.

Management of PANS

Because PANS is largely underdiagnosed, there is no one-size-fits-all prescription for treatment. As a result, those suffering from PANS should work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a personalized treatment plan. Treatment plans may include medications, psychotherapy and other interventions to manage specific symptoms, as well as collaborate with other professionals such as behavioral therapists, counselors, nutritionists and neuropsychologists. Common treatments for PANS may include antibiotics, immunomodulatory medications and other medications to address specific symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety. It is important to understand that treatment plans can vary greatly depending on the individual, so it is essential to work with a healthcare provider to develop a plan that works best for the individual.

Conclusion

PANS is a complex and debilitating disorder that can affect individuals of all ages. Because treatment plans can vary, it is important for those suffering from PANS to find the best treatment plan for their individual needs. In addition, it is important to remind family members and caregivers that treatment for PANS is an ongoing process and that there are resources available to help manage the condition. It is also important to remember that PANS does not define an individual, but that with the proper help and support, it is possible to manage symptoms and lead a healthy, meaningful life.