What is a Celtic?

The term “Celtic” refers to a diverse group of peoples who lived in Europe in prehistoric and historic times. This term is often used broadly to describe anyone who spoke Celtic languages, belonged to any of the cultures who shared common cultural traits, or lived in any of the geographic areas which were once Celtic-speaking. The Celts have an ancient and complex culture which can still be seen in the Celtic countries of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Brittany.

History of the Celtic People

The origin of the Celts is unclear and the subject of much debate. In the late Bronze Age, groups speaking Celtic languages appeared in the European continent and spread throughout southwestern Europe, the British Isles, and the Iberian Peninsula. By the Iron Age, the Celtic culture had spread even further, reaching Gaul (present-day France) and much of Central Europe. Around 500 BC, two large Celtic cultures emerged—the classical Gauls and the Insular Celts, which includes the British and Irish Celtic cultures.

The Celts were renowned for their physical strength, their battle tactics, and the production of ironwork. A strong and unified culture, the Celts established important trading centers and religious and cultural practices throughout Europe. They wrote in a language called Old Irish, and their literature and stories include some of the most powerful works of early European literature.

The Decline of the Celts

The Celtic culture began to decline in the 5th century AD. By this time, the Roman Empire was on the rise and was able to challenge and conquer the Celts. The Celts’ beliefs and ways of life were suppressed and their culture was largely replaced by Roman customs and culture. However, the Celts still maintained their language and identities in some regions, such as in Wales, Ireland and Cornwall.

Modern Celtic Identity

Today, the Celtic identity is still alive and can be seen in countries like Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, and Cornwall. There is also a modern Celtic revival, which celebrates the ancient Celtic culture and is popular in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Celtic music and art are also popular forms of modern expression of Celtic heritage.