What are Hormones?

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the body. They are present in the body in tiny amounts, yet they play a powerful role in controlling many vital functions within the body. Hormones act like a conductor in an orchestra, controlling the functions of the body so that it runs in harmony.

Hormones are produced by the endocrine glands. These glands are located in various places throughout the body, such as the brain, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, and the adrenal glands. They are secreted directly into the bloodstream, so they can be transported to different organs and tissues to perform their functions.

Hormones act on specific cells, prompting them to either release their contents or to alter their behavior in a particular way. This enables cells to communicate with each other, to regulate bodily functions and to ensure health.

Types of Hormones

Hormones can be divided into two main categories: Steroid hormones and Non-Steroid hormones.

Steroid hormones are produced by the gonads, such as testosterone and estrogen. They help to regulate sexual characteristics in both men and women. They are fat soluble, meaning that they can easily pass through cell membranes.

Non-Steroid hormones, also known as peptide hormones, are produced in the pancreas, thyroid and pituitary gland. Examples include insulin, somatotropin and growth hormone. These hormones are water soluble, so they cannot pass through cell membranes.

Function of Hormones

There are many functions of hormones in the body, including:

• Growth and development: Hormones such as growth hormone, cortisone and insulin help to regulate cell division and the development of organs in the body.

• Stress and mood: Adrenaline, cortisol and noradrenaline act as the body’s ‘alarm system’, helping to regulate our reaction to stress.

• Metabolism: Hormones such as thyroid hormone and insulin help to regulate the body’s metabolism and energy balance.

• Reproduction: Many hormones, such as luteinizing hormone and progesterone, help to regulate the body’s reproductive process.

• Appetite: Hormones such as ghrelin and leptin help to regulate appetite.

Conclusion

Hormones play a vital role in the body, acting as messengers to help regulate many functions. They are produced by the endocrine glands, and can be divided into steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones. There are many functions of hormones in the body, including growth and development, stress and mood, metabolism, reproduction and appetite.