What are War Crimes?

When we think of war crimes, images of the worst atrocities imaginable may come to mind. War crimes involve grave violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law which are committed during armed conflicts, including genocide, torture, rape, forced eviction, denial of medical care, and the use of child soldiers. War crimes can be perpetrated by both attackers and defenders of a conflict – no country or entity is exempt from prosecution. In recent decades, international courts have been established to prosecute those responsible for committing war crimes.

War Crimes Under International Humanitarian Law

International humanitarian law governs the conduct of warfare and is enshrined in several treaties and protocols, many of which have been drafted by the International Committee of the Red Cross. It requires all parties to an armed conflict to protect civilians, prisoners of war, and cultural property, as well as to refrain from attacks against troops who have surrendered. War crimes involving violations of international humanitarian law include the use of banned weapons, attacking medical facilities or personnel, and forcefully displacing civilian populations.

War Crimes Under International Human Rights Law

International human rights law seeks to protect the rights of individuals and groups both during and after armed conflict. It forbids violations of fundamental human rights, such as torture, cruel treatment, arbitrary executions, and arbitrary detention. Additionally, it prohibits the displacement of civilian populations, as well as the targeting of civilians or civilian objects during attacks.

Conclusion

War crimes are horrific violations of both international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Those responsible for committing war crimes can and should be held accountable for their actions, which is why international courts have been established to investigate and prosecute those responsible. By understanding the laws governing war and the grave consequences of transgressing them, we can ensure that those who commit war crimes face justice.