What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a type of mental illness characterized by extreme shifts in mood that can range from exaggerated highs (known as mania) to deep and prolonged episodes of depression. It is estimated that bipolar disorder affects over four million Americans every year. While there is no single cause of bipolar disorder, there are many potential factors that have been linked to its development.

Genetic and Environmental Factors

Research has found that genetics plays a role in the development of bipolar disorder. Having a family member with the disorder increases your risk of developing it yourself. This suggests that there may be a genetic component to bipolar disorder. Environmental factors, including psychological and social stressors, have also been linked to the development of bipolar disorder. Factors such as divorce, financial hardship, and abuse can increase the risk of developing the disorder.

Brain Chemistry

The precise cause of bipolar disorder is still not understood, but it is thought to be related to problems with brain chemistry. Scientists believe that a discrepancy in certain hormones and neural transmitters, including serotonin and dopamine, may play a role in the development of bipolar disorder. These hormone and neurotransmitter imbalances may result in changes in mood, activity levels, and thinking.

Episodes of mania and depression

People who have bipolar disorder can experience episodes of mania and depression, sometimes shifting between these states within a short period of time. These episodes are usually more intense than the everyday “ups and downs” most people experience. During manic episodes, people may feel high levels of energy and unwarranted confidence, as well as exaggerated and unpredictable behaviors. During depressive episodes, people often experience a lack of energy, low mood and self-esteem, and difficulty concentrating or making decisions.

Conclusion

While the exact cause of bipolar disorder is still not fully understood, the underlying factor appears to be a combination of genetic, environmental and brain chemistry factors. With treatment and medication, however, many people can going on to lead successful and meaningful lives. If you think you or someone you know may be affected by bipolar disorder, it is important to get professional help as soon as possible.