What is a Bruise?
A bruise is a common skin injury that occurs when blood vessels under the skin are damaged or broken by a traumatic force, such as a bump, fall, or heavy object. Bruises form when small blood vessels, called capillaries, near the skin’s surface are injured and leak blood. The blood collects under the skin, resulting in a raised, discolored patch or bump. These bruises may also be referred to as contusions.

Signs and Symptoms of a Bruise
A bruise typically begins to appear within minutes after the trauma. The affected area may initially appear red, purple, or blue before turning a darker color over several days. Swelling and tenderness, depending on the severity of the impact, may also be present. Some bruises will heal quickly while others, especially those located on the torso or near joints, may take longer.

Causes of a Bruise
The most common causes of bruises are minor injuries to the skin or soft tissue. Forced contact between the skin and a hard surface or object can cause tremendous force that initiates a bruise. Additionally, some people bruise more easily due to age, genetics, or medications, such as those used to thin the blood.

Prevention and Treatment of a Bruise
The best way to prevent a bruise is to be mindful of possible impact sites and take extra care when going through daily activities. For example, when lifting heavy objects, moving furniture, or playing outdoor sports, it’s important to be aware of sharp corners or surfaces that may pose a risk of injury. Abrasive clothing and rigorous activity may also lead to bruises and should generally be avoided.

When a bruise appears, it should be allowed to heal naturally, which may take several days or weeks. Cold compresses or over the counter remedies may be used to help limit the pain and discomfort associated with a bruise. If a bruise takes an unusually long time to heal or is accompanied by additional symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention.