What is a PICC Line?

A peripherally inserted central catheter, or PICC, is a type of intravenous (IV) line used to give medications, fluids, nutrients and blood products over a long period of time. It is inserted into a large vein in the upper arm, near the shoulder, and threaded through the vein until it reaches the superior vena cava — the large vein near the heart — where it can provide easy access to the body’s central circulation. PICC lines are most often used for long-term IV treatments, such as chemotherapy drugs for cancer, intravenous antibiotic treatments for serious infections and nutrition for those who are unable to eat.

Advantages of a PICC Line

PICC lines have many advantages over traditional needle and tubing IVs. They are longer-lasting, which means that patients don’t need to go in for frequent line changes, nor do they have to endure the pain of having their IV reset every few days. PICC lines also reduce the risk of infection, as there is only one tiny puncture wound at the entry site of the catheter, unlike traditional needles and tubing which can create multiple opportunities for bacteria to enter the body. Because of their smaller size, PICC lines are also more comfortable for the patient and reduce the risk of damage to veins in the arm. Finally, they can accommodate a wider variety of medications, fluids and nutrition products than shorter IVs, making them more versatile and useful.

Caring for a PICC Line

It is important to take special care of the PICC line and the puncture wound from the insertion site. It is important to keep the dressing over the entry site clean and dry, and to never scratch or pinch the line, as it can lead to catheter displacement and damage. If the dressing must be changed, it is important to use only sterile materials and practice strict technique to reduce the risk of infection. If an infection does occur, medical attention should be sought out immediately. Additionally, it is important to be aware of signs of blood clots, such as swelling, tenderness, redness and warmth near the insertion site, as these can lead to serious health complications.

It is also important to note that PICC lines are not suitable for every patient; they are typically reserved for those who need long-term intravenous treatments, such as cancer treatment, antibiotics or nutrition. So be sure to discuss your options with your healthcare provider to determine if a PICC line is the best course of action.