What Is Arrhythmia?

An arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. Arrhythmia is a type of cardiac dysrhythmia, or abnormal heart rhythm. It is estimated that more than 2.2 million Americans are affected by arrhythmia, and it’s the most common type of heart condition.

Arrhythmia Types and Signs

There are many types of arrhythmia, which can be further separated into two categories: tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias. Tachyarrhythmias are characterized by a very fast heartbeat, while bradyarrhythmias are characterized by a slow heartbeat. The most common type of arrhythmia is called atrial fibrillation, in which the heart beats rapidly and irregularly. Other common arrhythmias include bradycardia and ventricular tachycardia.

Symptoms of arrhythmia can vary and may include palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, weakness, and fainting. Some people with arrhythmia may not experience any symptoms at all.

Risk Factors and Diagnosis

Several conditions and lifestyle factors may increase a person’s risk of developing an arrhythmia. Common risk factors include high blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, use of certain medications, and a family history of arrhythmias.

The diagnosis of arrhythmia typically involves a physical exam and a review of the patient’s medical history. Other diagnostic tests that may be used to diagnose arrhythmias include an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to record and measure the electrical activity of the heart, a chest X-ray to check for any abnormalities in the heart, an echocardiogram to study the structure and function of the heart, and an event recorder to measure long-term heart rhythms.

Treatment and Prevention

There are a variety of treatments available for arrhythmia, including lifestyle changes, medications, and certain medical procedures. Depending on the type and severity of the arrhythmia, the doctor may recommend lifestyle modifications such as reducing stress or avoiding certain medications or drugs.

In certain cases, medications may be prescribed to regulate heart rate and rhythm or to prevent blood clots. If lifestyle modifications and medications are not effective, the doctor may recommend a cardiac ablation procedure or a pacemaker or implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD).

The best way to prevent arrhythmia is to stay healthy, get regular exercise, and maintain a healthy weight. People can also reduce their risk of developing arrhythmia by avoiding alcohol, smoking, and drugs, managing stress, and avoiding stimulants. It’s also important to manage any underlying medical conditions and follow a doctor’s recommendations for treatment.