Ataxia: What Is It and What Causes It?

Ataxia is a symptom of a larger disorder that involves clumsiness, poor coordination, and loss of balance. While not a disorder on its own, it’s an associated symptom that can drastically impact the lives of those it affects. In this article, we will explore ataxia in depth and take a look at what causes it and how it’s treated.

What Is Ataxia?

Ataxia is the medical term used to describe poor coordination and an inability to control movement. It’s caused by damage to the cerebellum–the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination. It’s most often caused by stroke or a brain injury, and is sometimes an inherited condition. In the case of inherited ataxia, the symptoms usually manifest in late childhood or early adulthood.

Those affected often find it difficult to walk, maintain balance, and complete everyday tasks such as writing and tying shoelaces. Additionally, people with ataxia may experience slurred speech and a decreased ability to perform facial expressions.

What Causes Ataxia?

Ataxia can be caused by a variety of conditions including, but not limited to, cerebellar stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injuries, Friedreich’s ataxia, Wilson’s disease, and spinocerebellar degeneration. It can also be caused by certain medications and illegal drugs. Alcohol or drug abuse can worsen ataxia, leading to an increased risk of injury or falls.

How Is Ataxia Diagnosed and Treated?

Ataxia is typically diagnosed by a neurologist or other doctor. After conducting a physical exam and medical history review, they will order tests such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, a computed tomography (CT) scan, or blood tests to help identify the root cause and rule out other conditions.

Once diagnosed, the condition is generally treated with medications or physical therapy, with the goal of improving muscle control and balancing. Some cases of ataxia can progress over time and may require the use of a wheelchair or mobility device for safety and comfort.

Conclusion

Ataxia is a symptom of an underlying condition and can cause significant issues with balance and coordination. While there is no cure for it, it can typically be managed with medications and physical therapy. If you suspect you or a loved one may be suffering from ataxia, seek medical attention immediately.