What is Atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition where the arteries and arterioles become hardened due to the buildup of plaques. These plaques are made up of fatty deposits, calcium, and other substances. As plaque builds up within the arterial walls, it can lead to restricted blood flow, which can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, accounting for over 50% of all cases.

Atherosclerosis is a progressive condition, meaning that it gets worse over time. If left untreated, it can cause serious health issues, including heart attack, stroke, and even death. The best way to treat atherosclerosis is to make lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking.

Symptoms of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis usually does not cause any symptoms in the early stages. Because it is a progressive condition, the symptoms usually become apparent over time, as the arteries become more narrowed and hardened by the buildup of plaque.

Common symptoms of atherosclerosis include:

• Leg pain or cramps when walking (often referred to as “claudication”)

• High cholesterol levels

• High blood pressure

• Chest pain, often called angina

• Loss of circulation in the legs

• Stroke

• Heart attack

• Kidney damage, often caused by lack of oxygenated blood flowing to the kidneys

Treatment for Atherosclerosis

Treatment for atherosclerosis focuses on managing the risk factors that contribute to the development of the condition. This includes quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and controlling high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels.

Medications can also be used to help reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and widen the arteries and arterioles to improve circulation. Common medications include cholesterol-lowering medications, antiplatelet agents, and antihypertensive medications.

Surgery is also an option depending on the severity of the condition. Coronary artery bypass grafting, angioplasty and/or stenting are often used for larger arteries in the heart. The surgeon may also perform endarterectomy or angioplasty and stenting to open the narrowed or blocked arteries.

Preventing Atherosclerosis

The best way to prevent atherosclerosis is to make lifestyle changes and follow the advice of your doctor. This includes:

• Managing high cholesterol levels

• Lowering high blood pressure

• Eating a healthy diet

• Getting regular exercise

• Avoiding smoking and other risky behaviors

• Taking medications as prescribed by your doctor

Atherosclerosis is a serious medical condition that can lead to numerous health complications. Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis and its related complications. Making lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and taking medications as prescribed is the best way to prevent this condition.