What Is Cerebral Palsy?
Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects muscle coordination and body movement. It is the result of a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs during fetal development, infancy, or early childhood. Cerebral palsy can impair motor skills, speech and language, and/or vision or hearing. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 800,000 individuals in the United States have some form of cerebral palsy.
Symptoms and Causes of Cerebral Palsy
The symptoms of cerebral palsy vary from person to person, depending on the severity. In mild cases, a person may have difficulty with fine motor skills and stiffness in a few muscles. In more severe cases, a person may have difficulty walking or may need to use a wheelchair, as well as difficulty speaking and other physical challenges. Common symptoms of cerebral palsy include:
• Low muscle tone and lack of coordination
• Spastic movements — muscles that become tight and stiff on one side of the body, often making it difficult to control limbs and movements
• Unusual reflexes
• Delays in reaching developmental milestones, such as rolling over and walking
• Abnormal posture
• Difficulty walking or a lopsided gait
• Problems speaking clearly
• Drooling
The exact cause of cerebral palsy is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by a number of factors, including:
• Premature birth
• Brain injury during delivery
• Lack of oxygen to the brain during delivery
• Genetics
• Infection before or after birth
• Problems in the placenta
The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is determined through a physical and neurological examination, as well as imaging tests like MRI or CT scans. A diagnosis typically occurs before the child turns three.
Treatment and Support
Unfortunately, there is no cure for cerebral palsy. However, there are treatments and therapies to help manage the symptoms, such as physical and occupational therapy, medications, and assistive devices. Support for individuals with cerebral palsy and their families can be found through local and national organizations, as well as medical specialists. Support can come in the form of emotional support, financial assistance, and educational resources.
Cerebral palsy is a condition that affects many individuals and their families, and it is important that those affected have access to appropriate resources and support. With the proper care, individuals with cerebral palsy can lead productive, fulfilling lives.