What is Compartment Syndrome?
Compartment syndromes are a group of medical conditions caused by increased pressure within an enclosed space within the body, such as a muscle compartment. Compartment syndromes can occur either chronically or acutely. Chronic compartment syndrome is caused by long-term activities and daily motions that increase the pressure in the muscle compartments. Acute compartment syndromes occur due to a traumatic event, broken bone, or a surgery that causes swelling or bleeding to occur within muscle compartments. In either instance, the increased pressure impairs blood flow to the muscles and nerves which can cause pain and impaired function in the affected area. If not treated, compartment syndrome can cause permanent damage, including muscle and nerve tissue death.
Signs and Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome
The signs and symptoms of Compartment Syndrome can vary depending on the type and severity of the injury. Common signs and symptoms may include pain, swelling, muscle tightness, decreased sensation, paresthesia (tingling or prickling sensation), and impaired circulation. Pain may be experienced during activity and relieved when the activity is stopped. In severe cases, numbness and muscle weakness may be present.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Compartment Syndrome is typically diagnosed with the help of a physical exam, imaging tests, and a monitoring device known as a wick catheter. The wick catheter is placed within the affected compartment and can measure the increase in pressure within the space. Treatment for Compartment Syndrome typically involves reducing the amount of swelling in order to reduce the pressure. This can often be done through the use of compression bandages or casting, or if the condition is severe enough, surgery may be required. Surgery typically consists of making an incision in the affected compartment in order to relieve built-up pressure and improve blood flow.
In conclusion, Compartment Syndrome is a potentially serious condition that can cause permanent damage if not treated quickly. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the signs and symptoms of Compartment Syndrome so that proper diagnosis and treatment can be administered.