What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a lack of insulin production or by the inability of the cells of the body to respond properly to the insulin naturally produced by the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose from the food to get into the cells of the body, where it can be used for energy. When the body cannot make use of glucose, it instead builds up in the bloodstream resulting in high levels of “blood glucose”, also referred to as “too much sugar”.

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

There are two main types of diabetes mellitus – type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that results in the destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas, meaning that the body is unable to produce insulin. Generally, type 1 diabetes develops in childhood or adolescence, and requires life long insulin therapy as a treatment. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body’s cells may not respond properly to insulin, meaning that the body needs more insulin than normal to absorb glucose from the food. This form of diabetes is more frequently found in the elderly and overweight population.

Managing Diabetes Mellitus

Millions of people with diabetes worldwide are managing their diabetes with minor lifestyle modifications and medical interventions. For type 1 diabetics, insulin is an essential component of daily management. This can be in the form of either injections of synthetic insulin or with insulin pump technology. Patients with type 2 diabetes may require medication as well as lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, regular exercise and a healthy, balanced diet. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is also essential to ensure that levels stay within a healthy range, and to detect any potential complications of diabetes at an early stage.

Overall, diabetes is a potentially deadly and disabling disease. With the right knowledge, support and care, it can, however, be managed and complications avoided. It is important for diabetics to take responsibility for their condition, and to ensure that they are continuing to follow their treatment plans regularly. With this, diabetics can live full, healthy and active lives.