Diarrhea: What is it and What Causes It?

Diarrhea is the frequent passing of loose, watery stools. It’s generally a symptom of an infection or an underlying medical condition. The most common cause of diarrhea is a viral or bacterial infection of the intestines, but there are many other potential causes, including food poisoning, allergies, digestive and metabolic disorders, some medications, and parasites.

Diarrhea Symptoms

Diarrhea can last a few days up to 2 weeks, but most cases last only a few days. The main symptom is frequent, watery stools. Other symptoms may include an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, abdominal pain and cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, and for some, bloody stools.

Treatments and Prevention

Diarrhea is usually treated by addressing the underlying cause. If an infection is to blame, it’s often treated with antibiotics. Some people may benefit from over-the-counter medications to reduce cramps and to help stop the diarrhea. However, it’s important to avoid anti-diarrheal medications if the cause of the diarrhea is unknown as it could potentially mask an underlying infection. It’s also important to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting or sweating accompanies the diarrhea.

To prevent diarrhea, good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands with soap and water and cooking food thoroughly, are important. Avoiding contaminated or undercooked food or water and food or drinks that have been sitting out for an extended period of time can also help. If an infection is suspected, it’s important to take antibiotics only if prescribed by a doctor. Vaccines can also help prevent certain infections that cause diarrhea.