WHAT IS DIPHTHERIA?

Diphtheria is an extremely contagious bacterial infection that mainly affects the throat and upper airways, although it can also spread to other parts of the body. It is caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae, also referred to as C. diphtheriae, and can be spread through close contact with an infected person or contaminated items such as bedding, dishes, and toys. Although diphtheria is now a rare disease in the developed world, in some places around the world the disease is still found. It is still quite common in impoverished communities or areas with a lack of access to vaccinations.

THE SYMPTOMS OF DIPHTHERIA

The most common symptom of diphtheria is a thick coating on the back of the throat. This coating is grey or greyish-white and can make it difficult to swallow or breathe. Other common symptoms can include swelling in the neck, fever, sore throat, hoarseness, nausea, fatigue, and swollen glands in the neck. In some cases, the bacterial infection can spread to other parts of the body, such as the heart and nervous system.

HOW TO PREVENT DIPHTHERIA

The best way to prevent diphtheria is to get vaccinated. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends that all children be given a series of three diphtheria inoculations—at 2, 4, and 6 months of age—followed by booster shots at ages 18 months and between 4 and 6 years old. It is especially important for children to be vaccinated against diphtheria before they enter preschool or school.

In addition to vaccination, other ways to prevent diphtheria include avoiding close contact with people who are infected with diphtheria and practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding contact with items that may have been contaminated by an infected person.

Since diphtheria is a very serious infection with potentially life-threatening complications, it is important for people to be aware of the signs and symptoms and the importance of vaccination. If you or your child has any of the symptoms of diphtheria, contact your health care provider immediately.