Understanding Emphysema: What It Is and How to Spot the Symptoms
Emphysema is a severe, long-term lung condition, and is included in a group of conditions known as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). It is a progressive, incurable and ultimately fatal condition, in which damage to the lungs affects airflow and causes shortness of breath.
What is Emphysema?
Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that causes damage to the airways and alveoli, or air sacs, in the lungs. This damage causes the walls of the alveoli to break down and results in fewer, larger air sacs — so fewer air sacs can hold the same amount of air as before. This impedes the process of airflow, which decreases the amount of oxygen entering the bloodstream. Emphysema is most common among people aged 45 and above, although people of any age can be affected.
What Causes Emphysema?
The most common cause of emphysema is smoking, although other factors such as genetics, air pollution, and occupational exposure to dust and chemicals can also play a part in predisposing and developing the condition. People who have emphysema often have a combination of several of these factors.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Emphysema?
The most common symptom of emphysema is shortness of breath. Over time, shortness of breath becomes more severe and spreads to other activities, such as when lying down, eating and even dressing. Other signs and symptoms include coughing, chest tightness, fatigue and difficulty sleeping, as well as weight loss. If the condition is left untreated, or has progressed too far to be treated, those affected may lose their appetite and suffer from an increasing breathlessness.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Emphysema
Emphysema is usually diagnosed after a physical exam and various tests, including imaging tests such as x-rays and CT scans, as well as pulmonary function tests.
Treating emphysema includes lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to dust, allergens, irritants and other pollutants. Medication is also often prescribed, depending on the severity of the condition, including inhalers and other medications that can suppress or reduce symptoms. In severe cases, lung surgery may be required.
Living with Emphysema
Living with emphysema can be very difficult, as the condition can be both physically and emotionally draining. Many people with emphysema find that the disease adversely affects their daily life and activities. A combination of the right treatment and lifestyle changes, along with breathing exercises, can improve quality of life. Additionally, ensure that any supplemental oxygen prescribed is taken correctly and used correctly, as oxygen can help improve exercise capacity and general breathing. Lastly, seeking support from family and friends is paramount in managing and coping with emphysema.
Living with emphysema can be a struggle, but with the right medication, lifestyle changes, and support, those living with the condition can still live a full and fulfilling life. It is important to seek medical advice if you have any of the symptoms of emphysema and to get regular check-ups to monitor the condition, as well as to help prevent further damaging effects on the lungs.