What is Espresso?

Espresso is an Italian-born, full-bodied, strong-flavored coffee prepared through an extraction process originating in Europe. The extraction process uses forced water under pressure to charge through a bed of finely ground coffee for a number of seconds. The result is a concentrated cup of bold coffee with a crema layer or foam on the surface. Espresso is a central component of the foundation of specialty coffee drinks and is one of the most iconic and beloved coffee drinks available.

History of Espresso

The history of espresso is long and rich, spanning centuries in Europe and around the world. Espresso originated in Italy in the late nineteenth century. In 1884 Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy, invented a new type of machine that forced steam through very finely ground coffee beans. This process created a concentrated coffee beverage and in 1901, the very first espresso machine was patented. The name “espresso” was derived from the Italian phrase “expressly made,” which refers to the concept that espresso is made quickly, usually in less than a minute.

How is Espresso Brewed?

The quality of espresso depends on the water temperature and pressure used in the brewing process. Traditionally, espresso is brewed under nine bars of pressure, with a higher pressure resulting in thicker and sweeter espresso. The espresso grounds are usually ground to a coarser texture than drip coffee and is tamped into the espresso machine’s portafilter. Water is then heated to approximately 192-203 degrees Fahrenheit and forced through the portafilter at a rate of 1-1.5 ounces of espresso for each shot. The espresso extraction takes about 25-35 seconds and produces a full-bodied rich flavoured espresso shot.

The espresso shot is then topped with a crema layer, or subtle foam of bubbles that has a slightly sweeter taste than the pure espresso below it. The crema is an indication of a well-prepared espresso and helps to create a smoother and more nuanced flavour. Espresso is traditionally served in a demitasse (a small cup between 1-3 ounces in size) with no milk or sugar, although it can be served with both.

Espresso is one of the most beloved beverages in the world and is the backbone of countless specialty coffee drinks. From its humble beginnings in Italy, espresso is now brewed in homes, cafes, and restaurants around the world and its popularity continues to grow.