Gain of Function Research: Unpacking the Debate
Gain of function research (GOF) is a type of biotechnology that is being increasingly studied, due to its potential to improve health by exploring how certain genes or proteins work in organisms or humans, as well as providing insights for finding new diagnostic or therapeutic treatments for disease. This type of research has sparked controversy and debate, with arguments for and against such experiments. In this blog, we will unpack the debate, and provide an insight into the potential benefit and risks of gain of function research.
What Is Gain of Function Research?
Put simply, gain of function research is research conducted on a gene or protein, whereby the gene or protein is altered and studied to understand how it reacts and what gain or advantage is caused due to the alteration. This alteration can be a deletion, a duplication, or a mutation. GOF research is used to determine what benefits, if any, can be obtained from making the change, be it increased effectiveness, improved protein quality, a better response to a therapy, or the production of a previously non-existent part or protein.
The Pros of Gain of Function Research
There is no denying that GOF research has great potential when it comes to improving treatment for diseases, as well as providing insight into how certain genes and proteins work. This can help to lead to better diagnostic treatments for certain conditions, genetically modified organisms, or the potential to develop new therapies for diseases. It can also provide information which can be used to improve the accuracy of predictive models, helping to provide more accurate diagnoses in the future.
The Cons of Gain of Function Research
Conversely, GOF research has its downsides, the main one being that such research has the potential to create “superbugs” or organisms much more resistant to treatment that their counterparts. This could lead to a major health crisis if the GOF-altered organisms ever get released into the wider environment, creating pandemics of much greater magnitude than what we currently experience. This is a particular concern when it comes to avian influenza, as well as many other infectious diseases.
Conclusion
In conclusion, gain of function research has potential to improve the current state of healthcare, with the possibility of developing new treatments or improving existing ones. However, with the capacity to create “superbugs”, GOF research should be progressively approached with caution, constantly evaluating the risks and potential benefits. As with all types of research, there are always pros and cons, but it is ultimately up to researchers and the public at large to determine whether the risks associated with GOF research outweigh the rewards.