What is Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum, or periodontal, disease which is characterized by inflammation and swelling in the gums that may occur when plaque and bacteria accumulate on the teeth. When left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease which can lead to permanent destruction and breakdown of the surrounding teeth and gums.

Causes of Gingivitis
Gingivitis is caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria on the teeth which can occur when proper oral hygiene is not practiced. Without regular brushing and flossing, the plaque can form on the teeth and create an environment where the bacteria can prosper, creating an infection which can cause irritation and inflammation in the gums. Other things which can increase the risk of gingivitis include smoking, hormonal changes, immune deficiencies, diabetes, genetics, and some medications which affect the gums.

Signs and Symptoms of Gingivitis
The most common signs and symptoms of gingivitis are red, swollen gums that may also bleed easily when brushing or flossing. In addition to these, a person may also experience pain or tenderness in the gums, bad breath, receding gums, or a change in the alignment of the teeth. If the gingivitis is progressing, a person may also experience loose teeth, visible pus, and changes in the way their dentures fit.

Additionally, an individual may begin to notice an unpleasant taste in their mouth or have a constant bad breath. It’s also possible for someone to be asymptomatic and display no sign or symptoms at all.

Treatment of Gingivitis
If you suspect you may have gingivitis, it is important to visit your dentist right away. The goal of treatment is to reduce the inflammation, increase the health of the gums, and reduce the plaque and bacteria present. Depending on the severity, your dentist may recommend one or more of the following treatment methods:

• Professional dental cleaning
• Removal of tartar and plaque
• Fluoride treatments
• Antibiotic medications or mouth rinses
• Instructions on proper oral hygiene habits

Gingivitis is a very common condition that can occur when proper oral hygiene is not practiced and may be difficult to treat if it progresses to periodontitis. It is very important to visit your dentist as soon as you suspect you may have gingivitis so it can be treated before it becomes more serious. Following a strict oral hygiene routine and visiting your dentist regularly can help to prevent the buildup of plaque and gingivitis.