What is Group B Streptococcus?

Group B Streptococcus, also known as Group B Strep (GBS) is a type of bacteria that is commonly found in the digestive system, lower opioid tract and female reproductive system. Although typically found as a “friendly” bacteria in the body, in certain cases, it can cause illness in newborns, adults, and the elderly. GBS is one of the most common causes of life-threatening infections in newborns and accounts for an estimated 15 percent of early-onset neonatal infections in the United States.

Signs and Symptoms

Most adults with GBS typically do not experience any symptoms, making it difficult to detect the infection. Occasionally, adults may develop urinary tract infections or wounds infections.

Neonates are particularly vulnerable to developing Group B streptococcal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Symptoms may include skin rash, seizures, respiratory distress, fever, lethargy, and poor feeding. Newborns may also present with low blood pressure, shock, and difficulty breathing. If left untreated, GBS infections can result in long-term health problems for the baby or even death.

Testing and Treatment

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all pregnant women be tested for GBS between weeks 35-37 of pregnancy. Pregnant women may be tested using a vaginal swab, or a urine test. If the test comes back positive for GBS, women should receive antibiotics during labor to reduce the risk of passing the infection to the baby.

For adults, GBS infections can typically be treated with antibiotics. Newborns may require more aggressive treatments, including antibiotics and supportive therapy to help manage symptoms.

Prevention

The best way to prevent GBS is to get tested during pregnancy and follow the recommended treatment if necessary. Women should try to maintain good general health both before and during pregnancy. This can help reduce their chances of infection and the risk of infecting their baby. Additionally, women should make sure to get proper nutrition and stay away from people who are sick.

Overall, Group B Streptococcus can be a dangerous infection, especially for newborns. It is important for pregnant women and those planning to become pregnant to be aware of the signs and symptoms and get tested for GBS to reduce the likelihood of passing the infection to the baby. With appropriate testing and treatment, GBS-related infections can be prevented and managed.