What is Hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia is an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. It is a serious condition that can be life-threatening if left untreated. There are several causes of hyperkalemia, and the main symptom is muscle weakness. Mild to moderate cases can often be managed with medication and dietary changes, while severe hyperkalemia may require more aggressive treatments.

What Causes Hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia can result from impaired kidney function, as the kidneys normally regulate potassium levels in the body. As the kidneys begin to fail, they may not be able to remove as much potassium as usual, leading to a buildup in the blood. Kidney failure is the most common cause of hyperkalemia.

Other causes of hyperkalemia include the use of certain medications, dietary changes, or too much potassium in the diet. Eating an excessive amount of potassium-rich foods, such as potatoes, bananas, beans, and lentils, can lead to hyperkalemia. In addition, some drugs, such as ACE inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can raise potassium levels in the blood.

What Are the Symptoms of Hyperkalemia?

The most common symptom of hyperkalemia is muscle weakness, as high levels of potassium in the blood can affect normal muscle function. Weakness can begin in the legs and arms and may spread to other parts of the body. Other symptoms of hyperkalemia include fatigue, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.

How Is Hyperkalemia Treated?

Hyperkalemia can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. Mild to moderate cases can be treated with medications such as hemodialysis and potassium-binding agents. Severe cases may require more aggressive treatments, such as plasma exchange or extracorporeal treatment. Dietary changes, such as reducing the amount of potassium-rich foods, may also be recommended.

In severe cases, hyperkalemia can be life-threatening and should be treated immediately. If left untreated, it can lead to serious heart complications, such as cardiac arrest. If you experience any of the symptoms of hyperkalemia, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible.