What is Melasma?

Melasma is a common skin condition which causes patches of discolored skin on the face. It is a progressive disorder that mostly affects women. The condition often appears in symmetrical patterns, usually on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin. The main cause of melasma is believed to be over-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

The patches of melasma can be light tan or brown and may be present on both sides of the face. They can also appear on other areas of the body that are exposed to direct sunlight. The condition is also known as facial hypermelanosis or chloasma.

Types of Melasma

Melasma is typically divided into three different types, depending on its location on the face. Epidermal melasma appears as patches of discolored skin on the lower region of the face. It is more common in darker skin tones.

Dermal melasma appears as patches of discolored skin on the upper region of the face. It is more common in lighter skin tones. Mixed melasma is a mixture of epidermal and dermal melasma.

Causes of Melasma

The most common cause of melasma is prolonged exposure to UV radiation from the sun. This can create an imbalance in the skin’s natural pigment, resulting in patches of discolored skin. Melasma can also be caused by certain medications, hormone changes during pregnancy, or various health conditions.

Treatments for Melasma

There are several treatments available for melasma, depending on the severity of the condition. However, the best way to treat melasma is to protect the skin from direct sunlight and wear sunscreen whenever going outdoors.

Topical medications such as creams, gels, and ointments containing corticosteroids, hydroquinone, tretinoin, or azelaic acid can help lighten the discolorations. In cases of severe melasma, doctors might recommend laser treatments or chemical peels.

Preventing Melasma

The best way to prevent melasma is to avoid direct sunlight and use a sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher. It is also important to wear protective clothing such as a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses. If melasma does develop, it is best to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.