What is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS). This disorder damages the myelin sheath, which is a protective layer surrounding the nerve fibers of the brain. Over time, this can harm communication between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.

MS is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting young adults, and symptoms often appear between the ages of 20 and 40. MS primarily affects people of European and North American descent, but it is still seen frequently worldwide. While researchers are unsure of what causes MS, they believe that a combination of environmental and genetic factors play a role in a person’s risk of developing the disease.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

MS is unpredictable and can be experienced differently by each person. Symptoms may include fatigue, muscle weakness, trouble with coordination, difficulty walking and balance, vision problems, and cognitive issues.

MS is diagnosed by medical history, a neurological examination, and MRI and other imaging technology. The MRI looks for lesions in the brain and spinal cord, and can help the doctor make a definitive diagnosis. In addition, a blood test can be taken to identify certain proteins that can suggest MS.

Treatment Options

MS affects each person differently, so treatment is tailored for your specific situation. Treatment can include medications, diet modifications, physical and occupational therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Medications: Medications can reduce the intensity and frequency of MS attacks and slow down progression of the illness. The most common are corticosteroids and injectable medications.

Diet: Adjustments to your diet may be necessary in order to reduce inflammation and enhance the immune system. Dietary changes could include an increase in healthy fats and Omega-3s, as well as avoiding processed and junk foods.

Therapy: Physical and occupational therapists can help with strengthening muscles and assistive devices such as wheelchairs and canes.

Lifestyle: Exercise and stress-relieving activities can help cope with physical, emotional, and cognitive side effects of MS. It is also important to get plenty of rest and socialize with friends and family.

Living with MS

MS is an unpredictable and often debilitating disease, but with proper treatment, medications, and lifestyle changes, it is possible to manage its symptoms. Living with MS can be overwhelming, so make sure to talk with your doctor or a mental health professional. It is also important to join a community of people who share your experiences, as this can make all the difference.