What is Neurology?

Neurology is a discipline within the field of medicine that deals with the structure, function, diagnostics, and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, as well as their coverings, the blood vessels that supply them, and all their connections with the rest of the body. Neurology is primarily related to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system, but the doctor who practices neurology can also have expertise in other areas.

The primary goal of neurology is to identify, diagnose, and treat diseases of the nervous system. Neurology doctors investigate and address brain malfunctions that affect the mental and physical wellbeing of a patient, as well as address issues such as stroke, head injuries, multiple sclerosis, seizures, dementia, Parkinson’s disease and other disorders of the nervous system.

A neurologist typically begins the process of diagnosis and treatment by interviewing a patient and gathering his or her medical history. During the interviews, the neurologist may look for evidence of past medical problems, such as Alzheimer’s disease or a stroke, that are often related to the current disorder. He or she will also typically examine the patient’s mental state, current and past lifestyle, and related family members to ascertain any underlying factors that may be affecting the patient.

Testing and Diagnosis

After the initial interviews are completed, the neurologist might suggest a variety of tests to help finalize a diagnosis. These tests can include imaging tests such as CT scans and MRI to look for and measure the size of various areas of the brain and nervous system. EEG tests, which measure and record the electrical activity of the brain, can also be used to look for signs of seizures, tumors, and other abnormalities.

The neurologist may also perform a physical examination to check for signs of muscle weakness, coordination, sensation, or poor reflexes. Blood tests may be performed to determine if there are any changes in hormone and electrolyte levels, which can be indicative of certain diseases of the nervous system.

Treatment Options

Once the patient’s condition is diagnosed and assessed, the doctor may decide to begin treatment. Depending on the particular disorder, treatment may involve the use of medication, surgery, or other therapies. Medications are designed to reduce inflammation in the nervous system, or to restore normal functioning of the brain and other affected organs. Surgery is also often an option to remove any parts of the nervous system that are affected.

In addition, therapists such as psychiatrists, physical therapists and occupational therapists may be involved in the treatment of neurologic disorders. These professionals specialize in providing mental and physical therapies that can help the patient with any functional issues that might be affecting him or her. They also provide emotional support and help with maintaining mobility and strength.

Conclusion

Neurology is a medical field that deals with diagnosing and treating diseases of the nervous system. Neurologists can assess and diagnose diseases of the brain and other areas of the nervous system using a variety of tests, and develop precise treatment plans. Neurologic disorders can be treated with medications, surgical procedures, and physical, occupational, and mental therapy.