What is Pica?

Pica is an eating disorder in which people consume non-nutritive substances such as dirt, clay, ice, paint chips, metal objects, rubber, stones, and other items of concern. It’s often associated with mineral deficiencies as well as developmental, mental health, and neurological disorders, such as autism and intellectual disabilities, and tends to affect pregnant women at higher rates than the rest of the population. While pica can result in a number of medical complications, the overall prognosis is typically quite good with proper treatment.

Symptoms of Pica

The most obvious symptom of pica is the consumption of non-nutritive substances. This can include items such as sand, clay, other dirt, paint chips, gravel, metal objects, rubber, stones, and other items of concern. People who have pica may also display other behaviors such as hair-pulling, nail-biting, or swallowing items such as paper or coins.

Another symptom of pica is the craving of non-nutritive substances. People may go to great lengths to obtain these items, stealing and searching for them where possible. Those with pica may also display a great deal of agitation and distress when denied access to their preferred item.

Diagnosis of Pica

The diagnosis of pica can be tricky due to the possible medical and psychological conditions that can be associated with it. Therefore, diagnosis is typically done by ruling out all other possible causes first, such as mineral deficiencies or psychiatric conditions. It may be necessary to obtain a detailed psychological assessment from a licensed mental health professional, as well as laboratory tests to detect any mineral deficiencies or toxicities before making a diagnosis.

Once a diagnosis is made, it is important to provide the patient with education about the disorder, as well as to create a treatment plan that may involve therapy and/or the use of medications. It is also important to monitor the patient closely and ensure any medical complications are addressed promptly. The overall prognosis of pica is good, but it is important to seek treatment as soon as possible in order to ensure the best possible outcome.