Restless Leg Syndrome: What You Need to Know

Restless leg syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder that causes an irresistible urge to move one’s legs. RLS commonly causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs that are often relieved by movement. Though mild cases of the syndrome may cause minor annoyances, more severe cases can have a major impact on quality of life.

What Causes Restless Leg Syndrome?

The exact cause of RLS is uncertain, though there are several factors that may contribute to its development. Genetics play a role in shaping an individual’s risk for the syndrome, and up to 70% of cases have been linked to genetic factors. RLS has also been linked to lifestyle factors including alcohol consumption, smoking and inadequate sleep. Certain medications, underlying health conditions such as kidney failure and iron deficiency, and pregnancy can also increase an individual’s risk of developing RLS.

Symptoms of Restless Leg Syndrome

RLS is characterized by uncomfortable sensations – usually described as tugging, throbbing, burning or crawling – in the legs or feet. It is typically worse in the evening or at night and is relieved by movement. Other symptoms may include difficulty maintaining sleep, fatigue and involuntary jerking on legs and arms during sleep.

Treatments for Restless Leg Syndrome

Treatment for RLS depends on the severity of the symptoms, but can include lifestyle changes to improve sleep hygiene, such as avoiding caffeine and alcohol, exercising regularly, and establishing regular sleeping and waking times. Iron supplements are sometimes prescribed to treat RLS, as an iron deficiency has been linked to the condition. Doctors may also prescribe medication such as dopaminergic drugs, benzodiazepines, opioids or other muscle relaxants to treat RLS. Botox injections may also be recommended for more severe cases.

In conclusion, restless leg syndrome is a neurological disorder that is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs and feet that are relieved by movement. Though its cause is unknown, genetic factors and certain lifestyle habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, can increase an individual’s risk of RLS. Its symptoms can range from mild to severe, and its treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms. Those who are at risk of RLS should speak with their doctor about the best course of action for them.