What is Rheumatology?

Rheumatology is a branch of medicine dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system, as well as systemic autoimmune conditions. The specialty includes the management of rheumatic diseases, pain, inflammation, and other tissue diseases, as well as treatment of musculoskeletal trauma, non-inflammatory joint disorders, and rehabilitation. Rheumatologists are medical doctors trained in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and management of these disorders.

Rheumatic disorders can affect any part of the body, and can range from mild to life-threatening. Common rheumatic diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, bursitis, tendinitis and other types of inflammatory arthritis. Osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and pseudogout are other examples of joint conditions treated by rheumatologists.

The Role of a Rheumatologist

A rheumatologist specializes in diagnosing, treating and managing all types of arthritis, joint problems and auto-immune diseases. They use a combination of laboratory and imaging tests, as well as physical examinations, to determine a diagnosis and create an individualized treatment plan. Some rheumatologists may also be certified to perform physical and occupational therapy.

Rheumatologists may also focus on musculoskeletal research, and participate in clinical trials or laboratory investigations of new treatments and therapies. In order to diagnose and treat their patients, rheumatologists must understand how to analyse laboratory data, interpret imaging studies and recognize many rheumatic diseases and conditions.

Treating Rheumatic Disorders

Rheumatic disorders are complex conditions that require comprehensive treatment and management. The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, swelling, stiffness and other symptoms of the disorder, and to restore a person’s mobility and range of motion. Treatment regimens typically include a combination of medications, physical and occupational therapies, as well as lifestyle modifications.

Medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain. Other drugs, including corticosteroids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics, may be prescribed to reduce disease activity, slow or modify the progression of the disorder, and prevent joint damage or deformity.

Physical and occupational therapists work closely with patients to build strength, improve endurance and overall fitness, and modify activities to reduce stress on the affected joints. Patients may also be referred to therapists who specialize in rehabilitation of rheumatologic conditions. Education and lifestyle modifications such as exercise and weight control can also help support long-term function and disease management.

Conclusion

Rheumatologic conditions can be complex and life-long, but with the help of a rheumatologist, patients can learn how to manage their symptoms, maintain an active lifestyle and improve their overall quality of life. Understanding the basics of rheumatology and the various treatment options available can help a person make informed decisions about their health care.