Sjogren’s Syndrome: Understanding the Causes and Symptoms

Sjogren’s Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s white blood cells attack the exocrine glands, which produce tears and saliva, eventually leading to dryness of the eyes and mouth. It is estimated that it affects up to 4 million Americans, with the majority being women aged 40 and up. Despite this, it is important to note that it can appear at any age and even in both men and women. Here is everything you need to know about Sjogren’s Syndrome.

What Causes Sjogren’s Syndrome?

The cause of Sjogren’s Syndrome is still largely unknown, though it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetics are thought to play a role in the disease, as those with a family history of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus are more likely to develop Sjogren’s Syndrome than those without such a family history. Additionally, Sjogren’s may be triggered by certain environmental factors such as infection, pregnancy, or drugs, though further research is needed to better define the exact connections between these environmental factors and the syndrome.

Common Symptoms of Sjogren’s Syndrome

As the exocrine glands are affected in those with the disease, the most common symptoms are an extreme dryness of the eyes and mouth, as well as fatigue, joint pain, and dry skin. Those with the disorder can also experience a “burning” or “gritty” sensation in the eyes, a frequent need to urinate, increased risk of infection due to the dryness of the mucous membranes, and even neurological issues such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet.

Treating Sjogren’s Syndrome

Unfortunately, there is no cure for Sjogren’s Syndrome, but there are a variety of treatments that can help to manage the symptoms. These treatments can include medications such as topical anti-inflammatories and oral drugs to relieve joint pain and help maintain healthy tear and saliva production, as well as lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, reducing stress levels, and practicing good oral hygiene. Additionally, regular visits to an eye doctor and dentist, as well as the use of artificial tears and saliva substitutes, can help to keep those affected by the disorder comfortable.

In conclusion, Sjogren’s Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that can cause extreme dryness of the eyes and mouth, as well as fatigue and joint pain. The cause of the disease is still largely unknown, though a combination of genetics and environmental factors may play a role. While there is no cure for the disorder, there are a variety of treatments that can help to manage the symptoms and help affected individuals lead a more comfortable life.