What is Steel Made Of?

Steel is one of the most widely used materials in the world, and it can be found in virtually every corner of the world. But what is steel made of? It might surprise you to learn that steel is made up of much more than just iron. In fact, there are a variety of materials that are used to create steel.

Chemistry Behind Steel

Steel is an alloy, meaning it is composed of different elements that have been combined in order to strengthen the material. The primary component of steel is iron, and this accounts for the majority of the mass of the material. However, when many people think of steel they think of the steel they see in their everyday life, like car parts or pipes, which are made from a variety of different materials.

The most common alloying materials in steel objects are elements like carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. The combination of these elements gives steel its strength, ductility, and malleability. The types, amounts, and combinations of these alloys depend on the specific steel product, and are the primary factors that determine the strength and properties of the steel.

Types of Steel

The most common type of steel, known as plain carbon steel, is composed of approximately 0.05% to 1.5% of carbon and the rest of it is iron. Steel with properties that are more corrosion-resistant and stronger are made by adding other alloying materials, such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and manganese.

Different steels have different purposes and uses. Some steels are tougher and better for making objects like axes and car components because they are able to withstand higher temperatures and pressures. Other steels are better for making objects like medical implants and tools because they are softer and more malleable. In general, plain carbon steel is the lowest cost option, but it is not as strong or durable as other types of steel.

Conclusion

Steel is one of the most widely used materials in the world, and it is composed of more than just iron. It is actually a combination of elements, with the primary component being iron and the rest being alloying materials like carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. Different types of steel with different purposes have been created, and the cost, strength, and properties of steel depend on the specific combination of elements used.