What Is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. It is caused by malignant clones of plasma cells, resulting in an excess of abnormal cells that multiply quickly, which can lead to damage to the bones, reduced immunity, and other symptoms. MM is considered to be an incurable form of cancer, but treatments are available to manage its progression.

What Are the Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma?

The early symptoms of MM can often be vague and easily mistaken for less serious conditions. However, they can indicate the onset of this cancer, so it’s important to be aware of the signs and seek medical attention.

The most common first sign of multiple myeloma is anemia, a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. This can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Other common signs and symptoms of MM may include bone pain or fractures, frequent infections, fever, weight loss, excessive thirst, and extreme weakness.

Diagnosing and Treating Multiple Myeloma

If you have any of the above symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor as soon as possible to receive a diagnosis for multiple myeloma. Diagnostic tests may include blood and urine tests, a bone marrow biopsy, and imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan.

If a diagnosis of MM is confirmed, the next step is to receive treatment. Treatment typically consists of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or immunotherapy. In some cases, surgery may also be an option. Depending on the patient’s age, their overall health, and the stage of cancer, other treatments such as bone marrow transplants may be recommended.

Conclusion

Due to the seriousness of multiple myeloma, it is important to be aware of its signs and symptoms, as they can indicate the onset of this form of cancer. The most common first sign is anemia, as well as other symptoms such as bone pain and fractures, frequent infections, fever, and weight loss. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible for a diagnosis. With the proper treatment, multiple myeloma can be managed and its progression slowed.