What is TIA in Medical Terms?
In medicine, a transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a type of stroke which causes temporary impairment of blood flow to the brain. It is sometimes referred to as a “mini-stroke” and is similar to a stroke in terms of the symptoms, but does not cause the same degree of long-term damage. TIAs can be a warning sign of a stroke, and prompt medical attention is necessary.
What Causes a TIA?
Transient ischemic attacks occur when something blocks the flow of blood to the brain. This can be caused by a blockage in a blood vessel due to plaque buildup, or can occur when a blood clot forms and travels to the brain. TIAs are often caused by narrowing or hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. Other factors that can increase one’s risk for a TIA include hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol.
What are the Symptoms of a TIA?
The symptoms of a TIA are similar to that of stroke but are temporary. They may include:
• Weakness or numbness in the face, arms, or legs, usually on one side of the body
• Temporary loss of vision
• Trouble speaking and understanding speech
• Balance problems
• Confusion or memory problems
• Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
How is TIA Diagnosed?
TIA is diagnosed by a physician through a physical examination and a review of the patient’s medical history. Medical imaging such as a CT scan or MRI may be ordered to rule out a stroke. Additional tests may be conducted to check for other underlying conditions, such as coronary artery disease. A diagnosis of TIA is made only after a thorough evaluation.
Treatment for TIA
The goal of treatment for TIA is to reduce the risk for future stroke and improve overall health. Treatment may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and eating a healthier diet. Medications such as aspirin, blood thinners, and cholesterol-lowering statins may also be prescribed. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.
It is important to know the warning signs of a TIA and seek medical help immediately if symptoms occur. Many TIA symptoms improve within 24 hours, but it is important to talk to your doctor to assess your overall risk and prevent future incidents.